array_map

(PHP 4 >= 4.0.6)

array_map --  将回调函数作用到给定数组的单元上

说明

array array_map ( mixed callback, array arr1 [, array ...])

array_map() 返回一个数组,该数组包含了 arr1 中的所有单元经过 callback 作用过之后的单元。callback 接受的参数数目应该和传递给 array_map() 函数的数组数目一致。

例子 1. array_map() 例子

<?php
function cube($n) {
    return
$n*$n*$n;
}

$a = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
$b = array_map("cube", $a);
print_r($b);
?>

这使得 $b 成为:

Array
(
    [0] => 1
    [1] => 8
    [2] => 27
    [3] => 64
    [4] => 125
)

例子 2. array_map() - 使用更多的数组

<?php
function show_Spanish($n, $m) {
    return
"The number $n is called $m in Spanish";
}

function
map_Spanish($n, $m) {
    return array (
$n => $m);
}

$a = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
$b = array("uno", "dos", "tres", "cuatro", "cinco");

$c = array_map("show_Spanish", $a, $b);
print_r($c);

$d = array_map("map_Spanish", $a , $b);
print_r($d);
?>

结果为:

// printout of $c
Array
(
    [0] => The number 1 is called uno in Spanish
    [1] => The number 2 is called dos in Spanish
    [2] => The number 3 is called tres in Spanish
    [3] => The number 4 is called cuatro in Spanish
    [4] => The number 5 is called cinco in Spanish
)

// printout of $d
Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [1] => uno
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [2] => dos
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [3] => tres
        )

    [3] => Array
        (
            [4] => cuatro
        )

    [4] => Array
        (
            [5] => cinco
        )

)

通常使用了两个或更多数组时,它们的长度应该相同,因为回调函数是平行作用于相应的单元上的。如果数组的长度不同,则最短的一个将被用空的单元扩充。

本函数一个有趣的用法是构造一个数组的数组,这可以很容易的通过用 NULL 作为回调函数名来实现。

例子 3. 建立一个数组的数组

<?php
$a
= array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
$b = array("one", "two", "three", "four", "five");
$c = array("uno", "dos", "tres", "cuatro", "cinco");

$d = array_map(null, $a, $b, $c);
print_r($d);
?>

以上程序输出为:

Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => 1
            [1] => one
            [2] => uno
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => 2
            [1] => two
            [2] => dos
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [0] => 3
            [1] => three
            [2] => tres
        )

    [3] => Array
        (
            [0] => 4
            [1] => four
            [2] => cuatro
        )

    [4] => Array
        (
            [0] => 5
            [1] => five
            [2] => cinco
        )

)

参见 array_filter()array_reduce()array_walk()